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One of the biggest suppliers of oil to the United States may shut off the spigot this weekend, pushing crude and gasoline prices higher for Americans.

Nigeria, which supplies 8 percent of U.S. oil imports, could see production halted if striking workers walk off the job Sunday. Workers are demanding the return of a vital government fuel subsidy that has kept gasoline prices low in that impoverished and restive nation of 160 million people.

It’s unclear how much of Nigeria’s production would be affected. At worst, the country’s 20,000 unionized oil workers could take as much as 2.4 million barrels of daily crude production off the market, striking at the heart of Nigeria’s oil-dependent economy.

Even if strikers are only partially successful, fears of tightened global supplies could raise oil prices by $5-$10 per barrel on futures markets next week. Gasoline prices would follow, rising by as much as 10 cents per gallon and forcing U.S. drivers to spend an additional $36 million a day at the pump.

Gasoline now costs $3.39 per gallon (89 cents a liter) after rising 11 cents since the start of the year. Experts predict the national average could rise as high as $4.25 per gallon ($1.12 a liter) in 2012.

The Nigerian government already has offered a smaller, temporary fuel subsidy and will meet with union leaders on Saturday. The strike could be called off but protesters have promised to halt production if they don’t get the full, $8 billion subsidy restored.

Disruptions would have a long-term impact on Nigeria’s economy. Union president Babatunde Ogun said it could take six months to a year to restart oil fields once they’re shut down.

“If everything comes to a standstill, the government will budge,” Ogun told reporters this week in Lagos.

The threat to shut off oil production is the latest move by protesters after a week of violent, anti-government clashes throughout the country. The strike began Monday to challenge President Goodluck Jonathan’s decision to abandon the fuel subsidy.

“It’s going to be a showdown this weekend,” in Nigeria, Oppenheimer & Co. analyst Fadel Gheit said. “You can only hope that cooler heads will prevail.”

It’s hard to predict how effective a national oil worker strike would be.

Oil production facilities are usually automated, allowing them to pump oil out of the ground without anyone at the platform. But if something breaks, if the pressure in the well fluctuates, or if other problems occur that cause an automatic system shutdown, there wouldn’t be anyone there to get production running again.

It’s likely oil companies operating in the region _Royal Dutch Shell, Exxon Mobil Corp., Chevron Corp., Total SA and Eni S.P.A. _ would simply shutter their platforms and wait for political tensions to subside, Gheit said. Oil companies could still export oil from storage terminals on the coast; that is, if union workers at the terminals stay on the job.

The price of oil already has swung up and down this year because of supply concerns in another oil-rich part of the world, the Persian Gulf. Iran, the world’s third-largest crude exporter, is sparring with the U.S. and Europe over its nuclear program.

While Iranian imports are banned in the U.S. because of long-standing tensions, the country supplies 2.2 million barrels per day to the rest of the world, including Europe. Meanwhile, Libya is quickly restarting oil fields that were shut down during the anti-government uprising last year. It has about 1 million barrels per day back online, and it expects to increase production to pre-rebellion levels of 1.6 million barrels per day by mid-year.

Oil prices fell by $2.86 this week to end at $98.70 per barrel in New York. Prices dropped as Europe delayed a decision to ban Iranian imports. But they could snap back up given the variety of geopolitical problems affecting world supplies, including the threat of a Nigerian oil worker strike.

The U.S. government expects the price of oil to average $100.25 per barrel this year.

Michael Lynch, president of Strategic Energy & Economic Research, said oil could jump by $5-$10 per barrel if the strike begins Sunday. Nigeria ranks behind Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico and Venezuela in oil exports to the U.S. It produces a valuable crude variety that is easier and cheaper to turn into gasoline than others.

Investors, who have been numbed from years of political unrest in Nigeria that included sabotage, thievery, environmental protests and other operating problems, may wait to see how the government works with the union. Nigerian oil always seems to be under a perpetual threat of some kind, Lynch said.

“Though this time seems more serious,” he said.

Nigerians have been upset for years as international oil production damaged the environment with little apparent domestic benefits. One of the only visible perks was the fuel subsidy. Removing it forced gasoline prices to jump overnight from $1.70 per gallon to at least $3.50 per gallon _ a crippling increase for a nation where most people live on less than $2 a day.

The government still seems determined to have its way, Barclays analyst Helima Croft said, but an oil field strike would be a game changer. If workers can shut down oil production, it’s only a matter of time before declining oil revenues will force the government to cave, she said.

“Any disruptions in either oil production or exports would severely constrain government activities and its ability to meet its obligations,” Croft said.

Eighty percent of the country’s revenue comes from oil.

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When investors look at the change in McDonald’s share price last year, they can think only one thing: "I’m lovin’ it."

The fast food giant was the best performer on the Dow Jones industrial average () in 2011, up 31%. That was enough to beat out Warren Buffett’s newest favorite, IBM (, Fortune 500), No. 2 among the blue chip winners.

At the other end of the spectrum was Bank of America (, Fortune 500), which suffered a 58% plunge to lows not seen since 2009. That slump gave it an easy win over Alcoa (, Fortune 500), whose shares lost 44%, in the competition for dubious distinction of ‘biggest loser.’

But those troubled giants were the exception among Dow stocks in 2011.

Overall, the index rose 5.5% in 2011, outpacing the performance of not just the S&P 500 (), down only 0.003%, but also the tech-heavy Nasdaq () and the broader Wilshire 5000 (), which finished the year lower.

And of the 30 Dow components, 18 finished in positive territory for the year.

Fortune 500: Worst performers of 2011

McDonald’s (, Fortune 500) has been helped by strong sales both domestically and globally. Shares hit an all-time high of $100.82 this week before settling back a bit to close Friday at $100.33.

Meanwhile, No. 2 IBM had already achieved its run up by the time Buffett disclosed in November that Berkshire Hathaway (, Fortune 500) had purchased a 5% stake in the company. Its shares are down slightly since then but still managed a 25% gain for the year.

Buffett didn’t do as well when he threw Bank of America a $5 billion lifeline, buying preferred shares of the troubled bank in a deal announced in August. Since then, the bank’s stock has continued to slide, putting the investment in the red, even with the $300 million in annual dividends that Berkshire will pocket.

Bank of America has also been shrinking, announcing plans to shed 30,000 employees and close branches, and losing its title of the nation’s largest bank to rival JPMorgan Chase (, Fortune 500) in the third quarter. It was also forced to reverse course and drop a $5-a-month debit card fee after strong customer backlash.

In comparison to Bank of America’s high profile problems, aluminum maker Alcoa’s stock suffered a relatively quiet slide, as concerns about a looming recession in Europe and a possible slowdown in Chinese production hammered pricing and profits.

The company’s third-quarter earnings miss added to its disappointing share performance. 

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Four Yemeni soldiers and two al-Qaida-linked militants were killed in clashes in the country’s south, military and medical officials said Sunday.

The fighting took place overnight outside the city of Zinjibar, the capital of Abyan province that Islamic militants seized earlier this year, a military official said. A medical official said six soldiers were wounded in the fighting.

Both officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not authorized to talk to the media.

Al-Qaida-linked militants have overrun swaths of territory in Abyan, taking advantage of a security vacuum that has developed as a result of Yemen’s ongoing political unrest amid nine months of massive protests demanding the ouster of President Ali Abdullah Saleh.

Fighting with the militants has continued as Yemen tries to emerge from its crisis. Saleh is due to step down by the end of the month in return for immunity from prosecution under a deal he signed last month. Under the U.S.- and Saudi-backed deal, a national unity government has already been formed, bringing in opposition parties.

Vice President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi has also formed a military committee joining both pro-regime forces and military units that defected to the opposition. On Saturday, the committee had succeeded in removing fighters, weapons and equipment of both sides from two main streets of the capital, Sanaa. But armed pockets of the rival forces could still be seen in side streets nearby.

The U.N. secretary-general’s envoy to Yemen, Jamal bin Omar, told reporters before he left Yemen Saturday that the military committee should end its work next Saturday in separating the rival sides, which at times engaged in heavy battles in the capital.

Gen. Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, the commander of the First Armored Division who defected and joined the protesters in March, expressed his backing for the military committee after meeting Sunday with ambassadors supervising enforcement of the deal.

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Shoppers spent more with Discover cards as the holiday shopping season began, helping lift the credit card company’s fiscal fourth quarter profit 46 percent.

Discover Financial Services said Thursday that sales volume on its namesake cards rose 8 percent to $25.03 billion in the quarter. The total number of transactions Discover’s networks processed rose 5 percent.

At the same time, customer payment habits improved, and rates of late payments and defaults fell. That enabled the company to release some of its reserves set aside to cover unpaid balances, which also helped improve results.

Reflecting a broader trend across the credit card industry, the Riverwoods, Ill.-based company said the number of customers paying off their card balances each month increased.

Keefe, Bruyette and Woods analyst Sanjay Sakhrani noted that economic shakeout of the last few years has left credit cards in the hands of more affluent consumers who are better able to pay their bills in full each month, while those with lower credit scores and presumably less ability to pay are now less likely to use credit.

For the three months ended Nov. 30, Discover posted net income available to common shareholders of $508 million, or 95 cents per share, compared with $347 million, or 64 cents per share in the year-ago period.

The number of outstanding shares dropped 3 percent, which has the effect of boosting per-share results.

Revenue rose 13 percent to $1.81 billion from $1.6 billion last year.

Analysts, on average, were expecting earnings of 89 cents per share on $1.81 billion in revenue, according to a survey by FactSet.

Growth in the company’s private student loan and direct banking businesses provided added boosts during the quarter. During the period, Discover purchased an additional $2.4 billion in student loans.

Analyst Chris Brendler of Stifel Nicolaus said called the results “impressive,” and pointed to the growth in student loans and also private loans made by Discover Bank as positive. “It was a good quarter,” he said.

Discover said the results enabled it to raise its dividend by 67 percent to 10 cents from 6 cents. The dividend is payable Jan. 19 to shareholders of record as of Dec. 29.

In morning trading, Discover shares slipped 22 cents, to $23.60. The stock has traded between $17.86 and $27.92 in the past 52 weeks, and closed Wednesday up about 30 percent since the start of the year.

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Stock indexes gave back some of their gains Monday and the euro turned lower against the dollar following a report that Germany and five other major European nations could risk having their credit ratings downgraded.

The Dow Jones industrial average jumped as much as 167 points Monday but gave up more than half of that gain in the afternoon. The Financial Times reported that Standard & Poor’s might put the six nations on “creditwatch negative,” which means there is a 50-50 chance that one might be downgraded in the coming months.

The Dow and S&P 500 rose in early trading on hopeful signs that Europe was making progress toward preventing a breakup of its 17-nation currency union. Yields on Italian government bonds receded sharply after the new government of Mario Monti introduced sweeping austerity measures over the weekend.

Also, the leaders of France and Germany called for a new European treaty to prevent nations from running up big debts like the ones that pushed Greece and other weak countries to the brink of default.

“There’s pent-up demand, and people will use any excuse to get back in, thinking there’s been too much pessimism,” Gendreau said. Despite strong signals about the U.S. economy, the market has been weighed down by negative headlines about the U.S. budget impasse, credit-rating downgrades of the U.S. and other nations, and Europe’s spreading crisis, Gendreau said.

The Dow was up 70 points, or 0.6 percent, at 12,089 at 2:30 p.m. Eastern. The Standard & Poor’s 500 index rose 12, or 1 percent, to 1,256. The Nasdaq composite index rose 28, or 1.1 percent, to 2,655.

The gains were broad. All 10 industry groups in the S&P 500 rose. Financials stocks were among the biggest winners. Investors have feared that U.S. banks might be dragged down by their close connections to the unstable European financial system.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. jumped 3.5 percent, the most in the Dow. Bank of America was the second-biggest gainer of the Dow 30, rising 3.2 percent. Citigroup Inc. rose 5.7 percent, Morgan Stanley 6.1 percent.

Investors are hoping that a summit of European leaders on Thursday and Friday will produce concrete measures to prevent a messy breakup of the euro currency, which is shared by 17 nations. Markets have been jittery because of fears that the euro might disintegrate, causing a sharp recession in Europe that would spread through the world economy.

While the statements from French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel were far from a long-term solution, investors are eager to buy on any hint of good news because they have been earning meager returns from relatively low-risk investments such as Treasurys and CDs, said Brian Gendreau, investment strategist with Cetera Financial Group instant payday loans.

Italian bond yields dropped to their lowest level in a month, a day after the nation’s new government introduced austerity measures. That suggests traders believe that Italy is far less likely to default. The main Italian stock index jumped 2.9 percent.

Italy’s borrowing costs pulled back from a level that might have forced the nation to default. Analysts say bailing out Italy would be too costly and would hurt the credit standing of German and France, which have the strongest economies in the euro group.

The yield on the 10-year Italian bond plunged half a percentage point to 5.93 percent. It rose above 7 percent last month, a level at which other nations were forced to take bailouts. By comparison, bond yields in Germany, Europe’s largest and most stable economy, are roughly 2 percent.

Monday’s strong gains follow the best week in more than two years for U.S. stock indexes. The S&P 500 rose 7.4 percent last week, the most since March 2009. The Dow jumped 7 percent, the most since July 2009.

Markets are hopeful that, given the gravity of the situation afflicting the euro zone, the German and French leaders will come up with a common proposal for tighter integration on budget matters. Analysts say that such a plan could lead to further emergency aid from the European Central Bank, possibly through the International Monetary Fund.

In corporate news:

_ Gannett Co. leapt 11.4 percent after the media company was upgraded to “buy” from “neutral” by analysts at Lazard Capital Markets.

_ Incyte Corp. fell 2.7 percent after a Citigroup analyst downgraded the drug maker to “neutral” from “buy,” saying its new blood-disease drug Jakafi might not work as a long-term treatment.

_ SuccessFactors Inc. soared more than 50 percent after the company agreed to be sold to German software company SAP for $3.4 billion. SuccessFactors makes software specializing in human resources tasks. The deal is part of SAP’s plan to compete with software rival Oracle Corp.

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How should people prepare their houses for sale during the winter?

A bit of simple maintenance now will go a long way to keep a house in good shape for prospective buyers this winter.

Start by clearing leaves from gutters and patios. Keep walking areas swept and collect lawn debris regularly. Remember to check working fireplaces for loose mortar and debris. Get heating systems inspected. Stock up on filters for timely changes throughout the winter. Replacing window screens with storm windows will cut heating costs and extend the life of the screen material.

Don’t overlook the driveway. Snow, ice and salt that come with the winter season can wreak havoc on driveways and blacktop surfaces. Protect them by filling cracks and holes before the freeze sets in. Snow can alter the overall look of the property. Shovel and de-ice paths and doorways. The driveway and sidewalks should be plowed. Make sure that outside lights and doorbells work. Consider installing more lights to highlight effectively the best areas of the house.

Focusing on the interior is also important for selling in the winter. Furnished homes and those that are well organized have more appeal. Make sure beds are made, furniture is well placed and that countertops and closets are clutter-free. Bear in mind that not all home shoppers celebrate the same holidays. Keep holiday decorations as a seasonal accent so buyers see the home, not just the adornments.

Selling a home in the winter has its perks. Chances are, buyers looking for a home during the winter holidays are serious about buying and not simply shopping around. At that time of year, there are fewer homes on the market, reducing the competition.

The Federal Reserve, after employing a dwindling set of policy options at its last two meetings, may hit the pause button in hopes that the faint signs of the economy’s rebound will grow stronger.

By taking a wait-and-see approach, the Fed would be buying time to assess whether its actions in August and September are having the desired effect of lowering long-term interest rates enough to jump-start growth.

The Fed’s decision will be announced around mid-day Wednesday following two days of closed-door discussions.

The central bank will also release an updated economic forecast and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke will hold a news conference to discuss the Fed’s new forecast.

It will be Bernanke’s third news conference after a Fed meeting and will continue a practice he began last April in an effort to give the public a better understanding of the Fed’s decision-making.

Most economists believe the Fed will leave policy unchanged, although it will be a close call.

“It is about 50-50 on whether they will do anything. There is evidence the economy is continuing to grow, but we still have a fundamentally weak economy,” said Brian Bethune, economics professor at Amherst College.

Financial markets in the United States and around the world were jolted Tuesday after Greece’s prime minister made the surprise decision to call a referendum on the country’s latest rescue package. The move sparked fears that the entire debt deal could unravel, that Greece could default on its debt and that the crisis could ripple through the global financial system.

Economists said Europe was sure to be a major discussion topic during the Fed meeting.

“They will talk about Europe, but I don’t expect any action,” said David Jones, head of DMJ Advisors, a Denver-based consulting group. “The Fed will not respond to the problems in Europe until it is clear they are causing a significant weakening in economic activity in the United States.”

David Wyss, former chief economist at Standard & Poor’s, said one reason for the Fed’s reluctance to do more is that they don’t have many policy options left.

“They know they are running out of tools so they don’t want to employ another one unless they have to,” he said.

The economy nearly stalled out during the first six months of the year, with growth slowing to an anemic 0.9 percent, the slowest pace since the recession ended in June 2009 low fee pay day loans.

However, the government reported last week that growth rebounded modestly in the summer with the economy expanding at an annual rate of 2.5 percent in the July-September period, the best quarterly performance in a year.

While the economy would have to nearly double from the 2.5 percent rate to make a significant dent in high unemployment, the faster growth at least eases fears of a new recession.

At its Aug. 9 meeting, the central bank approved changing its guidance on future policy to say it hoped to keep a key interest rate, which has been near zero since December 2008, at a record low through at least mid-2013, as long as inflation does not become a threat.

The belief was that such an assurance would give investors more confidence that rates would not begin rising any time soon and help to push long-term rates down farther.

At the next meeting on Sept. 20-21, the Fed voted to shift $400 billion of its holdings from short-term to long-term Treasury securities in another effort to push already low long-term rates down further. These rates are critical for consumers borrowing to buy homes and cars and for businesses borrowing to make investments to expand their operations.

Both the August and September moves were approved on 7-3 votes with three regional bank presidents _ Richard Fisher of Dallas, Charles Plosser of Philadelphia and Narayana Kocherlakota of Minneapolis _ voting no because of concerns the actions raise the threat of future inflation.

That was the largest number of dissents in nearly 20 years from an action by the Federal Open Market Committee, the panel of Fed governors and central bank presidents who meet eight times a year to set interest-rate policies.

On the other side are at least four Fed officials, Vice Chair Janet Yellen, Governor Daniell Tarullo, Chicago Fed President Charles Evans and New York Fed President William Dudley who have expressed concerns that the economy is still at risk and may need more support.

If the Fed does move again, many believe it will not occur until either the December meeting or early next year. Some economists believe the likely next change would be a further tweaking of the Fed’s communication efforts.

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About 1,000 Libyan revolutionary troops have launched a major assault on Moammar Gadhafi’s hometown, surging from the east to try to capture the last area under loyalist control.

Tuesday’s push to rout the remaining resistance from Sirte came a day after commanders announced they had captured most of a second stronghold, Bani Walid.

Libyan fighters have squeezed the die-hard Gadhafi supporters into an area comprising just a few blocks in Sirte but have been unable to gain full control of the city.

It has been more than two months since the former rebels gained control of the capital and much of the rest of the oil-rich North African nation. Persistent fighting has prevented Libya’s new leaders from declaring final victory and setting a timeline for elections.

THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP’s earlier story is below.

TRIPOLI, Libya (AP) _ Libyan revolutionary forces have captured almost all of Bani Walid, one of Moammar Gadhafi’s last remaining strongholds, but still face pockets of resistance as they try to end a weeks-long standoff, officials said Monday.

Fierce resistance in Bani Walid and Gadhafi’s hometown of Sirte has prevented Libya’s new leaders from declaring full victory and setting a timeline for elections. It has been more than two months since the former rebels gained control of the rest of the oil-rich North African nation.

In a step toward normalcy, the transitional leadership council confirmed it has signed an agreement with NATO that partially lifts the no-fly zone imposed in March over the country, allowing resumption of some flights without seeking NATO approval. The embargo was imposed as part of the U.N. Security Council resolution that authorized airstrikes to protect civilians from Gadhafi’s regime.

Anwar Elfeitori, the minister of transportation and communications, said the agreement signed Thursday in Malta will make it easier to transport wounded fighters from the front lines for treatment.

“The partial lifting of the air embargo will help with the transportation of the casualties, which is the No. 1 priority at this time, as well as facilitate the movement of people between Libya and the rest of the world,” Elfeitori told The Associated Press in an interview.

He said the agreement only applies to specific routes and altitudes for humanitarian flights but is designed so it can be amended to include other areas as security conditions allow.

In Washington, State Department spokesman Mark Toner said the revolutionary council fighters are making progress short term personal loan. He called on pro-Gadhafi forces “to lay down their weapons and join the new Libya.”

NATO officials have expressed surprise at the persistence of Gadhafi’s supporters. Libyans believe the heavy resistance signals some of Gadhafi’s sons and other high-level regime figures are hiding in the areas.

Fighters in Bani Walid, which has proven particularly hard to capture because of its difficult terrain, said they have entered the city center for the first time but still were fighting Gadhafi supporters in surrounding villages.

“We liberated the city around sunset on Sunday and raised the revolutionary flags all over the city,” field commander Abdel-Salam Genouna told The Associated Press. He said fighters had occupied the central marketplace, the hospital, the hotel and an old fort that had all been used as bases for Gadhafi loyalists.

“We are patrolling the neighborhoods because there are still some scuffles, but otherwise it is completely under our control,” he said, adding revolutionaries also had control of a steep valley called Wadi Zeitoun that had been a sniper base for Gadhafi’s forces.

“Our forces are everywhere inside the city, and we are protecting the few families we found inside,” he said.

He said fighters from Sabratha, Tripoli and Bani Walid were involved in the operation.

Col. Ahmed Bani, a military spokesman in Tripoli, said revolutionary forces had control over more than 90 percent of the city. He said revolutionary forces had suffered heavy casualties but declined to give a number.

Residents and fighters said that Gadhafi forces retreated in the face of the advance over the past two days.

Moammar al-Warfali, a doctor in Bani Walid, said fighters loyal to the new transitional government seized the center, a key hospital and several other high buildings used by Gadhafi’s snipers to prevent any advance by the revolutionary fighters.

He also said Gadhafi’s son Seif al-Islam had been seen in the city as recently as last week.

NATO has pledged to continue airstrikes for as long as necessary, saying pro-Gadhafi forces continue to pose a threat to civilians in Libya.

Britain’s Foreign Secretary William Hague also pledged more humanitarian and financial support Monday during a visit to Tripoli.

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Germany’s finance minister says private holders of Greek government bonds must accept bigger losses to achieve “a durable and sustainable solution” for Europe’s debt crisis.

Wolfgang Schaeuble told German public broadcaster ARD on Sunday that an agreement struck in July when banks and other investors agreed to renounce on 20 percent of their Greek debt must be renegotiated.

He says the private sector’s contribution to a reduction of Greece’s debt burden “will probably have to be higher fast payday loan.”

The Institute of International Finance, a global bank lobbying group, says its managing director Charles Dallara is in talks with officials from the 17-nation eurozone about the July agreement. Spokesman Frank Vogl declined to elaborate, but the group’s leadership has so far rejected accepting bigger losses.

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The head of the Securities and Exchange Commission is facing increased scrutiny from lawmakers as a former top SEC official says he was cleared to work on how victims of Bernard Madoff’s scheme should be compensated, even though he benefited financially from Madoff’s scheme.

The former SEC general counsel, David Becker, says in written testimony he was told by agency ethics officials he had no conflict of interest in helping craft the SEC policy.

SEC Chairman Mary Schapiro was criticized at a House hearing Thursday for allowing Becker to help set the policy even though he told her he had inherited a Madoff account from his mother business card design.

The SEC inspector general has investigated the matter and asked the Justice Department to determine whether Becker violated conflict-of-interest laws.

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